Genetic variation is incareased by mutation, fusion of gametes, and meiosis. Mutation introduces new alleles, that have not been present in past generations. Duting meiosis, a mix of genetic material is given, and all gametes produced are different. The fusion of gametes increases genetic diversity by the ofsrping inheriting different alleles from either parent's gametes.
In asexually reproducing organisms the only way of increasing genetic variation is via mutation, as the gametes are not from two different parents.
Sampling buas and chance can affect how representative a sample is. It can be prevented by using random sampling, a computer to generate it.
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