Grana- Stacks of about 100 disk like structures called thylakoids. Thylakoids contain Chlorophyll (the photosynthetic pigment.) Grana are linked by lamellae, (pieces of thylakoid membrane). The first stage of photosynthesis takes place on the grana.
Stroma- is the fluid filled matrix where the second stage of photosynthesis takes place.Contains lots of enzymes.
Chloroplasts contain ribosomes and DNA to manufacture the proteins needed for photosynthesis.
DNA contains genetic code.
CO2 and Water go in via the membrane, oxygen and glucose go out.
Plant Cell Wall:
Cellulose- makes molecules bonded to form micro fibrils,which stack and form cell wall. Cellulose is a polysaccharide made from Beta Glucose.
Many micro fibrils make a fibril.
Cell Wall:
- Consists of microfibrils of the polysaccharide CELLULOSE in a matrix.
- They are very strong.
- They give the wall mechanical strength, and prevent it form bursting due to osmotic pressures.
- This allows water to pass along it.
- The middle lamella (thin layer) marks the boundary between the cell walls.
Cellulose: Straight polysaccharide chains of Beta Glucose. The chains hydrogen bond together, forming very strong fibres. They are insouble. Use: Supports andstrengthens plant cell.
Insoluble, important as: won't affect water potnetial.
Amylopectin: Alpha glucose helix with branches. The branches give more end points for hydrolysis to take place, and therefore, it is broken down quicker.
Glycogen: A carbohydrate foundin animals. (AN: Yeaaaa!Found it.xD!) It is alpha glucose, and therefore forms a helix. It has more branches, and these branches have side branches. This means thereare even more points for Hydrolysis,andisit broken down even quicker, as Amylopectin is in plants, and they don't do as much, but Glycogen is in animals, which are far more active, and therefore, it needs to be broken down quicker.
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